Arendt and Eichmann うむむ、(28)をまた間違える。 敗因:空所の後の"he (Eichmann) was willing to act against hisconcience"を読んでいなかったこと。 againstのような「否定表現」には要注意だ。
Napoleon Chagnon and the Yanomami (31)をまた間違える。 敗因:空所の後の"violent tendencies of people exsiting in a state of nature"が読み取れなかった。
大問③ 長文内容正誤問題(9/10)
The Hidden Life of Plants (3/3) 苦手な「植物の生態」についての話。 しかし文脈を読めば正解が選べる問題だった。
The Fermi Paradox(3/3) 「地球外生命体になぜ遭遇できないのか?」 というオモシロイ話題。 TOEICではこういうのはないもんな。
The Elecoral College (3/4) 2017年度第2回に続いて米国大統領選挙の話題。 英検はよっぽど米国大統領に興味があるらしい。 (38)をミス。 敗因:"To ensure that the nation's chief executive would not be subject to manipulation by poliical factions in Congress"が読めなかった。
(3) contrition(後悔)は、昨日覚えた単語。 (4) in tatters (ぼろぼろの) (5) be adamant that (頑固に主張する) (11) endemic(地域、地方特有の) epidemic (伝染性の) (14) forgo (見合わせる) He decided to forgo the travel plan. (18) haggle (値切る)
大問② 長文空所問題(6/6) ノーミスで切り抜けた。
大問③ 長文内容正誤問題(10/10) 「毒まんじゅうメソッド」で全問正解しました。
リスニング問題(22/27) Part 1 :10/10 Part 2 :8/10 Part 3 :3/5 Part 4 :0/2 合計 : 22/27
大問① 語彙問題(22/25) a tacit agreement = 暗黙の了解 a spate of = a series of expropriate = confiscate, forfeit secrete toxins = 有毒物質を分泌する wayward = 勝手気ままな glut = surplus 過剰供給 (glutonous 食いしん坊の) rummage = 乱暴に探す
大問② 長文空所問題(6/6) he was revolved by the mindeless nature of programs being broadcast. Resolving to provide an antidote to waht he sawa, he got a job at NBC network.
大問① 語彙問題(23/25) a quizzical expression けげんな表情 stifle a yawn あくびをかみ殺す make a concerted effort 一致協力する be distraught パニックになる plenary meeting = 全体会議、本会議 preliminary meeting = 打合会、予備会議 と区別しよう! spearhead a campaign= 先頭に立って運動を広げる brindle at the suggestion = 提案に対してつんとした態度をとる The argument caused a rift between friends.= 亀裂、不和 (2017年度第3回に出ました!) hone one's skills = 腕を磨く denote a season = 季節を示す
◆前回の英検一次で出題された「rift」(不和)が2012年にも 出ていて、正解していた。 「リサイクル単語」だったのにもかかわらず 不正解していたことがかなりショック! しっかり身についていなかったということです。 rife (The room was rief with smoke.)満ちて、特別しよう。
Cooking and Early Humans(人類と料理の歴史 ) 人類が火を使い料理をすることになったのは大きな進歩。 190万年前のホモエクストスが火を使い始めたという説が あるが、その反論もある、という話。 定説+反論という、1級らしい定番の展開。
にもかかわらず、ここでも1問ミス! 3問目の動詞がdoubtになっているのだ。 doubt が動詞だと does not believe...という意味になる。 これを見落としたので不正解を選ぶ。情けない。
空所の前後の文の主語・動詞はしっかり読め!
当たり前のことなんだが、ついテキトーに読んでしまう・・・
大問③ 長文内容正誤問題(9/10) 1問ミス。
リスニング問題( 25/27) No. 3 "but I've decided to add one more at the last time." 逆接のbutの後が正解に結びついている。 他にも「仮定法」「比較表現」(more, less) 否定表現(We don't want ...) の次の情報が正解に結びつくことが多いことがわかる。 No. 7 "You should slow down." = You are overdoing your training."
Part 1 9/10 Part 2 9/10 Part 3 5/5 Part 4 2/2 合計 25/27
ライティング問題 Should Space Explroration should be continued?
For decades, human beings have been exploring outer space. I believe that space exploration benefits the humankind, because it enlightens us about space, creates new technologies, and nurtures international cooperation.
First of all, space exploration answers questions about outer space. It gives humankind valuable information about, for instance, how the universe was created or if the earth is the only intelligent planet.
Furthermore, investment in space exploration nurtures new technologies. Satellites, for example, were invented at space exploration. These new inventions surely benefits all humans and encourages our economy.
Finally, space exploration requires international efforts. Even Russia and U.S. are now working together in the space station project. Such cooperation would create opportunities for nations to collaborate with each other.
In summary, scientific research, technological advancement and international cooperation are the benefits ensured by practicing space exploration. Therefore, it stands to reason that space exploration is worth investing.
大問① 語彙問題(25/25) ◆ a feeling of malaise = 倦怠感 ◆ I wouldn't wager on it. = I don't think so. ◆ consternation = 驚愕 2016年度第2回でも出題された重要な名詞。 ◆ debrief = 報告を受ける。 briefの反意語ですね。 ◆ have disparate views=まったく異なる意見を持つ ◆ frivolous remarks = ふざけた発言 ◆ was bowled over = 感激した bowl over = amaze ◆ The theory was borne out = 立証された
【楽観主義の新しい見方】 楽観主義の話。2つに絞り込んだがthe knowledge that one will inevitably cease to exist を読み飛ばす。まわりくどい表現だがmortalityのこと。 人間は将来のことを考えると「死」を意識して、悲観的になる。 それを補正するために楽観主義optimismになる傾向がある。
Part 1 8/10 Part 2 8/10 Part 3 4/5 Part 4 2/2 5ミスは間違えすぎ。 5ミスもしたら710点ぐらいになっちゃうんだよなあ。
比較表現が正解に結びつくことが多い。
大問④ ライティング Can the global demand for water be met in the future?
For decades, the issue of water has been raising public awareness. I believe that future demand can be met by governmental regulations, shifts in consumers' awareness and improvement of infrastructure.
First of all, governmental regulations are essential. This means not only having stricter regulations about the use of water resources, but also ensuring they abide by the rules. For long, corporations have been wasting and polluting water. They have been given free rein to do so in the name of economic growth. This must be cracked down on and lawbreakers should be penalized.
Furthermore, a change in the mindset of consumers must be entailed. Those in developed nations often take water for granted. They leave tap water running and use too much water for bathing. Raised awareness for water conservation would help their lifestyles.
Finally, infrastructure should be improved. In developed nations this may mean maintenance of existing water networks. In under developed nations, however, it means whole development of their irrigation systems.
In summary, governmental control, public awareness for conservation and enhancement of infrastructure are imperative if the global society is to meet its increasing demand of water.
【2017年度1回】 “Can restrictions on freedom of speech ever be justified?” (表現の自由の制限は、正当化されうるか?)
Finally, social media's enormous role in information sharing means restrictions on free speech would likely involve intensive monitoring of the Internet. This would inevitably entail the invasion of privacy. If such invasive measures were introduced, citizens would begin to lose even more of their rights.
この段落を「論点」「事例」「影響」に分解してみよう。
①論点+事例 Finally, social media's enormous role in information sharing means restrictions on free speech would likely involve intensive monitoring of the Internet. (最後に、情報共有におけるソーシャルメディアの役割からすると、表現の自由の制限はインターネットの検閲につながる可能性がある)
②影響 This would inevitably entail the invasion of privacy. (これはプライバシーの侵害を伴うことになる)
③影響 If such invasive measures were introduced, citizens would begin to lose even more of their rights. (そのような侵害的な手段が導入されると、人々は人権をさらに失うことになる)
【2017年度第2回】 “Should developed nations encourage immigration from other countries?”” (先進国は他国からの移民を奨励すべきか?)
Finally, immigrants contribute to developed countries' economies by supporting pensions. Pension systems in countries with aging populations will cease functioning as fewer and fewer people pay into them. Immigrants often spend years paying into pension systems, making an enormous contribution. This makes more money available to retirees in host nations and is an invaluable economic advantage.
①論点 Finally, immigrants contribute to developed countries' economies by supporting pensions. (最後に、移民は年金をサポートすることで先進国の経済に貢献する)
②事例 Pension systems in countries with aging populations will cease functioning as fewer and fewer people pay into them. Immigrants often spend years paying into pension systems, making an enormous contribution. (高齢化が進む国の年金制度は年金を支払う人が少なくなるについて機能停止となる。移民は何年も年金を支払い、大きな貢献をしてくれる)
③影響 This makes more money available to retirees in host nations and is an invaluable economic advantage. (このことよにって、定年退職者への財源が増え、経済的にはプラスである)
【2017年度第3 回】 “Should Japan rethink its relationship with the United States?” (日本はアメリカとの関係を見直すべきか?)
Finally, there is the disadvantage to the United States. As it is obligated to defend Japan, the United States could be forced to deploy troops for conflicts it has nothing to do with, such as territorial disputes between Japan and its neighbors. This could cause bitterness between the US and Japan, and compromise the US military's ability to handle its own conflicts.
①論点 Finally, there is the disadvantage to the United States. (最後に、アメリカにとっても不利益がある)
②事例 As it is obligated to defend Japan, the United States could be forced to deploy troops for conflicts it has nothing to do with, such as territorial disputes between Japan and its neighbors. (アメリカは日本を防衛しないといけないため、日本と隣国との争いなど、自国とは無関係な対立の場合も軍隊を配備しなくてはならない)
③影響 This could cause bitterness between the US and Japan, and compromise the US military's ability to handle its own conflicts. (これは日米間に摩擦をもたらし、米軍の自国防衛力を弱める結果につながるだろう)
【2017年度1回】 “Can restrictions on freedom of speech ever be justified?” (表現の自由の制限は、正当化されうるか?)
Furthermore, free speech is especially important given that tensions run high among governments and citizens alike. Restrictions introduced to help prosecute suspected terrorists could escalate into widespread suppression of ideas deemed threatening to the state. Such suppression could then inspire citizens to commit violence and vigilante acts, as they may feel they are justified in serving as an arm of the government.
①論点 Furthermore, free speech is especially important given that tensions run high among governments and citizens alike. (さらに、表現の自由は政府と民衆の緊張が高まっているときこそ特に重要だ)
②事例 Restrictions introduced to help prosecute suspected terrorists could escalate into widespread suppression of ideas deemed threatening to the state. (テロリスト容疑者を起訴するための制限は、抑圧意識にエスカレートし国家にとって脅威になりえます)
③影響 Such suppression could then inspire citizens to commit violence and vigilante acts, as they may feel they are justified in serving as an arm of the government. (そのような抑制は民衆が暴力や制裁行為を正当化することにつながる)
◆分析 構成は通常パターン。主張、事例、影響となっている。
【2017年度第2回】 “Should developed nations encourage immigration from other countries?”” (先進国は他国からの移民を奨励すべきか?)
Furthermore, cultural homogeneity is hardly an asset in the globalized world. True internationalization cannot be achieved by simply improving a population's foreign-language skills; rather, people in culturally homogenous developed nations must learn to be comfortable with immigrants and cease viewing them as outsiders. Large-scale immigration will create an internationally minded populace by increasing cultural diversity.
①論点 Furthermore, cultural homogeneity is hardly an asset in the globalized world. (さらに、表現の自由は政府と民衆の緊張が高まっているときこそ特に重要だ)
②事例 True internationalization cannot be achieved by simply improving a population's foreign-language skills; rather, people in culturally homogenous developed nations must learn to be comfortable with immigrants and cease viewing them as outsiders. (真の国際化は、外国語のスキルを伸ばしただけでは達成できない。同質的な文化の先進国の人々は、移民に慣れ、彼らを部外者とみなすことをやめないといけない)
③影響 Large-scale immigration will create an internationally minded populace by increasing cultural diversity. (そのような抑制は民衆が暴力や制裁行為を正当化することにつながる)
◆分析 構成は通常パターン。主張、事例、影響となっている。
【2017年度第3 回】 “Should Japan rethink its relationship with the United States?” (日本はアメリカとの関係を見直すべきか?)
Furthermore, Japan should consider its sovereignty. Japanese territory is essentially at the mercy of the United States. Apart from the numerous existing US military bases considered unwelcome by many Japanese citizens, there is the possibility many more troops could arrive in the interest of US national security. This would place extreme stress on Japanese society.
①論点 Furthermore, Japan should consider its sovereignty. Japanese territory is essentially at the mercy of the United States. (さらに、日本は自国の主権について考えるべきだ。日本の領土はアメリカのなすがままになっている)
②事例 Apart from the numerous existing US military bases considered unwelcome by many Japanese citizens, there is the possibility many more troops could arrive in the interest of US national security. (日本の市民から歓迎されていないと思われる多数の在日駐在基地の存在に加え、米国の防衛のため、より多くの米国軍隊が日本に来る可能性がある)
③影響 This would place extreme stress on Japanese society. (これは日本社会にとって大きな緊張を与える)
【2017年度1回】 “Can restrictions on freedom of speech ever be justified?” (表現の自由の制限は、正当化されうるか?)
First of all, freedom of speech is integral to democracy. When governments crack down on citizens' expression, democracy itself is threatened. History has shown that there is a correlation between the rise of government authoritarianism and the imposition of restrictions on free speech. Without the transparency afforded by the unrestricted flow of ideas and information, government accountability is impossible and democracy fails.
この段落を「論点」「事例」「影響」に分解してみよう。
①論点 First of all, freedom of speech is integral to democracy. (まず最初に、表現の自由は民主主義に不可欠である)
②事例 When governments crack down on citizens' expression, democracy itself is threatened. History has shown that there is a correlation between the rise of government authoritarianism and the imposition of restrictions on free speech. (政府が市民の表現を制限するとき民主主義の本質が脅かされる。歴史的には、権威主義の興隆と表現の自由の制限には相関性がある)
③影響 Without the transparency afforded by the unrestricted flow of ideas and information, government accountability is impossible and democracy fails. (制限のない透明性のある情報や意見の交換がなければ、政府の運営責任は不可能となり民主主義は破壊される)
◆分析 構成は通常パターン。「論点」→「事例」→「影響」 「表現の自由は民主主義に不可欠」→「政府が表現統制すると独裁主義につながるという歴史的事例がある」→「制限されない情報交換がないと民主主義は破壊される」 変則的なのは2つ目の「事例」が2つの文になっていること。 be integral to ~にとって不可欠 crack down on ~ ~を取り締まる be threatened 脅かされる、悪くなる imposition of restrictions 統制の実施
【2017年度第2回】 “Should developed nations encourage immigration from other countries?” (先進国は他国からの移民を奨励すべきか?)
“First of all, developed countries face a labor shortage. As their population ages, workers of all skill levels are becoming scarce. The only solution is for governments to encourage working-age people to immigrate. Some commentators say automation can provide a solution, but in reality this cannot compare with a steady influx of immigrants who can sustain the workforce.”
この段落を「論点」「事例」「影響」に分解してみよう。
①事例 “First of all, developed countries face a labor shortage. As their population ages, workers of all skill levels are becoming scarce. ” (まず最初に、先進国は労働力不足に直面している。人口の高齢化により、さまざまなレベルの技能労働者が減っている)
②論点 “The only solution is for governments to encourage working-age people to immigrate. ”(唯一の解決策は労働人口の移入を促進することだ)
③影響 “Some commentators say automation can provide a solution, but in reality this cannot compare with a steady influx of immigrants who can sustain the workforce. ” (一部の批評家はオートメーション化が労働力不足を解消するというが、現実的には移民の労働力にはかなわない)
◆分析 構成はやや変則パターンで、「論点」→「事例」→「影響」となっている。 通常パターンならこんな感じになる。 “First of all, immigrants would compensate for the labor shortage that developed countries face. As their population ages, workers of all skill levels are becoming scarce. The only solution is for governments to encourage working-age people to immigrate. ” population ages 人口が高齢化する A cannot compare with B BはAより圧倒的に優れている
【2017年度第3 回】 “Should Japan rethink its relationship with the United States?” (日本はアメリカとの関係を見直すべきか?)
First of all, Japan is guaranteed security under the US nuclear umbrella and so has not needed to take full responsibility for its own defense. While this may allay the concerns of the populace in the face of threats from other countries, it is detrimental in the long term. Without a full-fledged military, Japan lacks the diplomatic leverage necessary to become an independent player on the world stage.
この段落を「論点」「事例」「影響」に分解してみよう。
①事例 First of all, Japan is guaranteed security under the US nuclear umbrella and so has not needed to take full responsibility for its own defense. (まず最初に、日本はアメリカの核の傘によって防衛されているため、自国防衛の責任を全面的に負うことがなかった)
②論点 While this may allay the concerns of the populace in the face of threats from other countries, it is detrimental in the long term. (確かにこの状態は他国からの攻撃に対する国民の不安を和らげるが、長い目で見ればマイナスである)
③影響 Without a full-fledged military, Japan lacks the diplomatic leverage necessary to become an independent player on the world stage. (本格的な軍隊がないために、日本は自立したプレーヤーとしての外交的影響力を欠いている)
First of all, the Japan-U.S. military block is detrimental in the long term. Japan is guaranteed security under the US nuclear umbrella and so has not needed to take full responsibility for its own defense. Without a full-fledged military, Japan lacks the diplomatic leverage necessary to become an independent player on the world stage.
こっちの方がスッキリしている気がするが、いかがでしょう?
◆表現(英検1級レベル語彙) is guaranteed security 治安を保証されている allay the concerns 不安を和らげる is detrimental 有害である full-fledged military 本格的な軍隊 diplomatic leverage 外交的影響力